Hortatory Exposition Text: Pengertian, Ciri-ciri, Struktur, dan Contohnya

Ilustrasi belajar materi hortatory exposition text. Foto: Pixabay

Dalam bahasa Inggris, hortatory exposition text adalah salah satu jenis exposition text yang digunakan untuk tujuan tertentu. Contoh hortatory exposition text dapat dijumpai pada teks artikel, pidato, editorial, dan semacamnya.

Exposition text sendiri merupakan teks yang membahas sebuah isu atau permasalahan tertentu. Selain hortatory, ada pula jenis exposition text lainnya, yaitu analytical exposition. Ini adalah exposition text yang tidak memuat saran, melainkan hanya menyertakan pendapat dan argumen-argumen.

Lalu, apa perbedaan analytical exposition dan hortatory exposition text? Agar lebih memahaminya, berikut penjelasan tentang hortatory exposition text selengkapnya.

Pengertian Hortatory Exposition Text

Ilustrasi belajar bahasa inggris. Foto: Shutter Stock

Mengutip buku Supersmart Book Bahasa Inggris SMA Kelas X, XI, XII oleh Diyah Nur Hidayati, hortatory exposition text adalah teks yang berfungsi untuk mengajak atau meyakinkan pembaca ataupun pendengar tentang apa yang seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya dilakukan. Karena itu, hortatory exposition juga bisa disebut persuasive text.

Pada dasarnya, baik hortatory maupun analytical exposition sama-sama bertujuan untuk membujuk pembaca. Namun, pada hortatory exposition text, bujukan itu disampaikan lewat pandangan, ide, dan saran agar pembaca melakukan atau tidak melakukan suatu hal.

Karena memuat ide dan opini penulis, hortatory exposition text cenderung bersifat subjektif. Biasanya, penulis akan menyajikan keuntungan dan kerugian pembaca jika mengikuti atau tidak mengikuti apa yang disarankan.

Baca juga: Ciri-Ciri dan Contoh Analytical Exposition Text

Ciri-ciri Hortatory Exposition Text

Ilustrasi hortatory exposition text. Foto: Pixabay

Hortatory exposition text dapat dikenali dari gaya kebahasaan yang digunakan. Berikut penjelasannya:

1. Menggunakan Simple Past Tense

Simple past tense adalah jenis tense yang digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta. Tense ini dipakai penulis dalam hortatory exposition untuk memaparkan fakta dan data agar pembaca memercayai apa yang mereka sampaikan.

2. Menggunakan Kalimat Pasif (Passive Voice)

Kalimat pasif atau passive voice digunakan untuk memberi penekanan ke objek pokok yang dijelaskan. Passive voice dalam hortatory exposition dicirikan melalui rumusnya, yaitu to be diikuti kata kerja bentuk ketiga (to be + verb 3).

3. Menggunakan Kata Ganti (Pronoun)

Pronoun adalah kata yang berfungsi untuk menggantikan noun. Dalam hortatory exposition text, kehadiran pronoun membuat pembaca mudah memahami subjektivitas si penulis. Biasanya, pronoun pada teks ini dapat dilihat dari penggunaan kata ganti “I” dan “we”.

4. Menggunakan Sequence Words

Penggunaan sequence words dalam sebuah kalimat atau teks menandakan urutan, misalnya “first”, “second”, “next”, “then”, dan sebagainya. Kata-kata ini membantu pembaca memahami penjelasan dalam teks yang harus dilakukan secara berurutan.

5. Menggunakan Abstract Noun

Abstract noun adalah kata benda yang tidak berwujud dan tidak dapat dirasakan oleh panca indera, misalnya ekspresi atau perasaan. Contoh abstract noun yang sering dijumpai dalam hortatory exposition text yaitu sadness, disadvantage, dan regulation.

6. Menggunakan Action Verb

Ilustrasi mengerjakan soal bahasa Inggris. Foto: Pixabay

Dijelaskan dalam buku The Super Trick of English Reading oleh Zoe Arsy, hortatory exposition text juga menggunakan action verb alias kata kerja tindakan. Misalnya, ask, argue, implement, dan tell.

7. Menggunakan Thinking Verb

Hortatory exposition menggunakan kata kerja pikiran atau thinking verb untuk meyakinkan pembaca agar mengikuti apa yang disarankan penulis. Contoh thinking verb antara lain contemplate, agree/disagree, think, wonder, dan worry.

8. Menggunakan Modal Adverb

Modal adverb digunakan untuk menambah arti pada kata kerja modal (modal verb) guna menekankan maknanya. Beberapa modal adverb yang bisa dipakai dalam hortatory exposition adalah certainly dan surely.

9. Menggunakan Persuasive Language

Seperti yang dijelaskan, tujuan utama hortatory exposition adalah memengaruhi pembaca untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan hal yang dibahas dalam teks. Untuk meningkatkan pengaruhnya, penulis menggunakan kata-kata persuasif seperti should, had better, must, be advised to, follow my tips, dan lain-lain.

10. Menggunakan Evaluative Words

Penggunaan evaluative words membantu penulis meyakinkan pembaca bahwa saran atau rekomendasi yang disampaikan berguna bagi mereka. Contoh kata-katanya antara lain imperative, relevant, important, valuable, good, trustworthy, dan lan-lain.

Baca juga: 2 Contoh Analytical Exposition Text Singkat beserta Terjemahannya

Struktur Hortatory Exposition Text

Ilustrasi hortatory exposition text dalam bahasa Inggris. Foto: Unsplash

Hortatory exposition text tersusun atas tiga bagian, yaitu:

1. Thesis

Berada di awal teks, thesis merupakan bagian yang menghadirkan permasalahan yang akan dikaji atau didiskusikan. Pada bagian ini, penulis biasanya akan menyampaikan topik yang ingin dibahas secara menyeluruh.

2. Arguments

Pada bagian ini, penulis menjelaskan sejumlah pendapat subjektif yang kuat guna mendukung data dan fakta yang ada. Opini ini diharapkan dapat memengaruhi pembaca untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan sesuatu.

3. Recommendation

Bagian ini merupakan kesimpulan yang memuat saran atau rekomendasi terhadap permasalahan yang disebutkan dalam thesis. Melalui kalimat-kalimat yang bersifat persuasif, penulis secara langsung membujuk pembaca untuk mengikuti apa yang disarankan.

Contoh Hortatory Exposition Text

Ilustrasi hortatory exposition text dalam bahasa Inggris. Foto: Unsplash

Supaya semakin paham, berikut beberapa contoh hortatory exposition text yang dapat Anda simak:

1. The Media: A Language Teacher?

Ask people what they actually think of the media and immediately you'll get negative statements about the "silly box" or the "rubbish magazine" available. However, the media, including the radio, is not all bad. In fact, it would be fair to say that the media could also help you learn English.

Let's begin with television. Most films and soap operas which are shown on television are in English. These are, of course, subtitled. However, by listening carefully to a film, you can pick up new vocabulary, listen to a variety of accent or reinforce what you already know.

When it comes to things like international fashion, music and sport, most of the information can be found in magazines published in English. If you want to be up-to-date and improve your English at the same time, all you have to do is buy these publications.

Well, what about the radio? It's widely known that many people, including teenagers. listen to radio stations that plus songs in English. This is good listening practice, as they are in contact with the language. It can also help you improve your pronunciation

These are only a few of the ways the media can help with English language learning. The good thing is that you can have fun at the same time.

Sumber: Buku Think Smart Bahasa Inggris tulisan Denny Kodrat dan Diah Gusrayani

2. The Importance of Extracurricular Activities

Extracurricular activities are non-subject education activities and counseling services to assist the development of learners according to their needs, potentials, talents, and interests through activities that are specifically organized by educators and/or educational personnel who are capable and authorized in the school. Extracurricular is highly recommended to be followed by each students because it has a lot of benefits.

The benefits of extracurricular activities are numerous. Students can get many useful knowledges. In any selected extra-curricular activities, there are certainly basic knowledges. For example, in English Club extracurricular, students can learn the grammar properly and correctly. Another example is forming school bands, it can explore students' talent in music so their talents are not buried.

Through extracurricular, students can cultivate a sportive spirit in various competitions (eg; basketball or football) whether it is held internally in school or outside the schools. Extracurricular can also teach the students the meaning of organization, even though on a small scale. In that organization, students can learn to be leaders, administrators or even learn to make an interesting event in an extracurricular exhibition and many more positive things that students can gain by following extracurricular activities.

In order to develop students' interests and talents, they can choose any extracurricular which suits their ability. However, don't forget to manage the time between academic activities and extracurricular activities.

Sumber: Buku Top One Ulangan Harian SMA/MA Kelas XI susunan Tim Super Tentor

Baca juga: Explanation Text: Pengertian, Struktur dan Tujuan Teks Eksplanasi

3. Never Try Smoking

Ilustrasi hortatory exposition text. Foto: Unsplash

A lot of people, especially teenagers, who do not smoke, always want to try smoking. They know it is bad for them and all, but it is just something they want to try. So, they ask one of their smoker friends for a cigarette. Admittedly, they firstly cannot light it on their own so they ask his friend to do it. Then they inhale that cigarette and smoke occasionally.

Apparently, that makes them the born smokers. Now they do smoke fairly regularly. They cannot avoid smoking and they enjoy too. They have smoker friends. Every day they bring a pack in their pocket. For them, a pack of cigarette is as important as a wallet for their money.

Suddenly, for certain reason, they realize the fact that tobacco is the cause of a long list of nasty diseases. It is not only heart disease, stroke, and chronic lung disease but also bladder, lung, and pancreatic cancer. Even it was reported that around 400,000 Americans died each year. It was one every 80 seconds from tobacco-related illnesses.

Then they decide to quit smoking. Unfortunately, they find that quitting smoking is so difficult. "Why can't I stop smoking? I really want to stop it". It is hard to quit because nicotine is powerfully addictive. Cigarette is one of the most efficient drug-delivery devices ever devised. As result, when people try to quit smoking, they often experience classic nicotine withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, imitability, headache, depression, and restlessness.

Well, still want to try smoke? Think the facts before trying! If you are not a smoker, you should never and never try to smoke.

Sumber: Buku English Text Developing English Material karangan Dr. Hanafi, M.Pd.

4. Country Concern

In all the discussion over the removal of lead from petrol (and the atmosphere) there doesn't seem to have been any mention of the difference between driving in the city and the country.

While I realize my leaded petrol car is polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you travel through the country, where you only see another car every five to ten minutes, the problem is not as severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads.

Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol vehicles and their owners don't seem to appreciate that. There is no public transport to all back upon and one's own vehicle is the only way to get about.

I feel that country people, who often have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and who already spend a great deal of money on petrol, should be treated differently to the people who live in the city.

Sumber: Buku English Text Developing English Material karangan Dr. Hanafi, M.Pd.

5. Why Should Students Eat Breakfast Everyday

A lot of people, especially young people, go through the day without having breakfast. Many people believe that it is not necessary, or they say that they don't have time for that, and begin their day with no meal. I believe that everyone should eat breakfast before going to their activities. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of breakfast, especially for students.

The first reason why you should eat breakfast before going to school is for your health. When you skip breakfast and go to school, you are looking for a disease because it's not healthy to have an empty stomach all day long. It's very important to have a meal and not let your stomach work empty. All you are going to get is gastritis and a lot of problems with your health if you don't eat breakfast.

Another reason for eating breakfast is because you need food for to do well in your classes. Your body and your brain are not going to function as good as they could because you have no energy and no strength. When you try to learn something, and have nothing in your stomach, you are going to have a lot of trouble succeeding.

A lot of people think that they should not eat because they are going to feel tired, but that's not true. Breakfast is not a very big meal, and on the contrary, you're going to feel tired if you don't have breakfast because you have spent the entire previous night without food.

The last reason to have breakfast every day is because you can avoid diseases if you eat some breakfast in the morning. If you don’t eat, you are going to get sick, and these disease will have a stronger effect on you because you’re going to get sick easier than people who have breakfast everyday.

You have to realize that breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and you cannot skip it without consequences for your health. your school and your defense mechanism. It is better to wake up earlier and have a good breakfast than run to school without eating anything. It is time for you to do something for your health, and eating breakfast is the better way to start your day.

Sumber: Buku English Text Developing English Material karangan Dr. Hanafi, M.Pd.

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