Pengertian Generic Structure of Narrative Text
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PerbesarSetiap jenis teks bahasa Inggris memiliki struktur teksnya sendiri-sendiri, termasuk narrative text atau teks naratif. Struktur umum dalam teks naratif atau generic structure of narrative text perlu diketahui untuk bisa menyusun jenis teks ini dengan baik.
Artikel ini akan membahas lebih lanjut mengenai generic structure of narrative text, mulai dari pengertian hingga contohnya yang bisa menambah pengetahuan.
Pengertian Narrative Text
Secara umum, narrative text atau teks naratif adalah teks yang menyampaikan dan menceritakan sebuah kisah melalui media tertentu, seperti dalam gambar, suara, teks, dan lainnya.
Seymour Chatman dalam bukunya Story and Discourse: Narrative Structure in Fiction and Film (1978: 19) menyebutkan bahwa narrative text memiliki pengertian sebagai berikut:
Narrative text adalah sebuah struktur teks yang terbentuk atas unsur seperti plot (alur cerita), setting (latar atau pelataran), theme (tema), characterization (karakterisasi), point of view (sudut pandang), dan style serta tone dan mood (gaya bahasa dan suasana).
Dapat disimpulkan, narrative text adalah teks yang menceritakan sebuah kisah yang imajinatif dan terdiri atas berbagai unsur yang bertujuan untuk menghibur orang.
Sebagai suatu cerita fiktif, narrative text belum tentu benar. Sebab, teks ini ditulis hanya berdasarkan imajinasi dari penulis yang belum tentu bisa dibuktikan kebenarannya.
Generic Structure of Narrative Text
Untuk membuat suatu narrative text, maka diperlukan struktur umum dari teks itu sendiri. Adapun generic structure of narrative text atau struktur umum dari teks naratif, yaitu:
1. Orientation
Orientation merupakan paragraf pembuka pada teks yang memperkenalkan tokoh yang terlibat, waktu terjadi, dan lokasi latar belakang kejadian (who, when, dan where).
2. Complication
Complication terletak setelah orientation dan terdiri dari paragraf yang menjelaskan masalah awal. Masalah awal ini adalah awalan alur cerita yang berlanjut pada konflik, klimaks, dan antiklimaks sebuah cerita.
3. Sequence of Events
Sequence of events dalam sebuah narrative text menunjukkan interaksi di mana karakter-karakter dalam cerita bereaksi terhadap complication tersebut.
4. Resolution
Resolution merupakan paragraf yang menjadi akhir cerita, yang menjadi penyelesaian dan menjadi akhir suatu cerita.
Permasalahan yang ada dalam suatu teks naratif harus diselesaikan dan ditutup dengan akhir yang menyenangkan (happy ending) atau justru tragis dan menyedihkan (sad ending).
5. Reorientation
Reorientation adalah kalimat penutup yang menceritakan keadaan terakhir tokoh dalam cerita dan merupakan pesan moral dalam sebuah cerita narasi.
Baca Juga: Mengenal Descriptive Text dan Tenses yang Digunakan dalam Bahasa Inggris
Contoh Narrative Text
Dikutip dari English Book in the Grade X Second Semester oleh Umi Mustabsiroh (2022: 14-16), berikut adalah contoh narrative text dalam bahasa Inggris agar penjelasan di atas lebih mudah dimengerti.
Contoh Narrative Text 1: Cinderella
Once upon a time, there lived a girl named Cinderella. She lived with her step mother and two step sisters. The step mother and her two daughters didn't like Cinderella. They treated Cinderella very bad.
Cinderella usually did the hardest works in the house; such as scrubbing the floor, cleaning the pot and pan, and preparing the food for the family, and so on.
One day, a ball was to be held by the royal family of the kingdom to find the Prince's spouse. Cinderella wanted to go to the ball but her step mother asked her to stay at home and do the house works. Cinderella cried. Then there was a fairy godmother standing beside her.
"Why are you crying, Cinderella?", the fairy godmother asked. "Because I want to go to the ball but my step mother insists me to
stay at home. Besides, I don't have any beautiful dress." said Cinderella. Then the fairy turned Cinderella's ugly dress became the most beautiful dress and with beautiful slippers.
The fairy also turned a pumpkin into a parking coach and the mice become six white horses. Cinderella finally could go to the ball but she had to come back before midnight before the spell ended.
At the ball, Cinderella amazed everybody there include the prince. The prince asked her to dance. Cinderella had a wonderful time at the ball. But, all of a sudden, she heard the sound of a clock, the first stroke of midnight.
Remembered what the fairy had said, Cinderella ran back to go home. But she lost one of her slippers in ballroom. The prince picked up her slipper and would search for the girl whose foot fitted with the slipper.
A few days later, the prince proclaimed that he would marry the girl whose feet fitted the slipper. Her step sisters tried on the slipper but it was too small for them, no matter how hard they squeezed their toes into it.
In the end, the King's solder let Cinderella try on the slipper. She stuck out her foot and the page slipped the slipper on. It fitted perfectly.
Finally, she was driven to the palace. The prince was overjoyed to see her again. They were married and live happily ever after.
Contoh Narrative Text 2: Bawang Merah and Bawang Putih
Once upon a time, there lived a beautiful girl with her father, her stepmother, and her stepsister. One day, her father passed away. Her stepmother and stepsister treated her very bad whereas they used to love her before her father died. She had to do all the house work.
On the morning day, Bawang Putih went to the river to wash a lot of clothes. Then she saw a goldfish needed a help. Its mouth was stuck on a hook.
Bawang Putih felt sorry and helped the poor goldfish. "Thank you for your kindness", the goldfish said. Bawang Putih was very surprised that the goldfish could speak.
However, the goldfish helped her to wash the clothes and they became best friend.
Unfortunately, Bawang Merah her stepsister knew about the goldfish. She caught the goldfish and gave it to her mom. After that, they cooked it and ate it. When Bawang Putih knew it, she took the bone and buried it. She felt very sad that she could not take care of her best friend.
Several days later, grew a beautiful tree on the burial. Surprisingly, Prince came to see it. he needed the tree to make his father well again. When he asked who own the tree, Bawang Merah said that it was hers.
However, when she wanted to pull the tree, she could not do it. Even everyone could not do it, but Bawang Putih. Bawang Putih pull the tree easily and gave it to the prince. The prince married Bawang Putih. She forgave her stepmother and stepsister and they lived happily ever after.
Beberapa contoh teks di atas adalah narrative text karena memiliki cerita dengan rangkaian peristiwa kronologis yang saling terhubung. Selain itu, teks tersebut mempunyai ciri-ciri dan generic structure yang sama dengan narrative text.
(Adelliarosa & SFR)
Frequently Asked Question Section
Apa yang dimaksud narrative text?
Apa yang dimaksud narrative text?
Narrative text atau teks naratif adalah teks yang menyampaikan dan menceritakan sebuah kisah melalui media tertentu, seperti dalam gambar, suara, teks, dan lainnya.
Apa itu orientation pada narrative text?
Apa itu orientation pada narrative text?
Orientation merupakan paragraf pembuka pada teks yang memperkenalkan tokoh yang terlibat, waktu terjadi, dan lokasi latar belakang kejadian (who, when, dan where).
Apa itu reorientation pada narrative text?
Apa itu reorientation pada narrative text?
Reorientation adalah kalimat penutup yang menceritakan keadaan terakhir tokoh dalam cerita dan merupakan pesan moral dalam sebuah cerita narasi.